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So, what we colloquially call 'reptile brain' turns out to be somewhat accurate.

There is some truth (but not accuracy) to it, but not for this reason.

This article is about brainstem (aka hindbrain) vs the rest (midbrain + forebrain).

Evolutionally older animal lineages like fish, reptiles, birds all have midbrain + forebrain as well as the brainstem, so reptilian brain != brainstem.

Where there is some truth to our older "reptilian" brain is that the part of the forebrain called the pallium, that exists even in fish (& reptiles), has much expanded/evolved in mammals giving us our cortex and hippocampus, so you could kinda say that we have a reptilian brain + cortex. Note though that mammals didn't evolve from reptiles - they evolved in parallel from a common ancestor, so maybe better to say we have a fish brain + cortex (& hippocampus).

While the cortex is what gives mammals their intelligence, in birds the pallium evolved in a different way to give them theirs.


am no expert in brain development, still have read about evolution. I like aspects of the way you mentioned this, but seems that putting cortex separately from fish brain isn't quite right. As you mentioned, the cortex is simply a part of the fish brain that evolved much (much, much) larger than a fish's. Maybe:

Fish Brain = brain stem + small cortex (+ other parts of brain)

      |
 (evolved into)
      |
      V
Human Brain = brain stem + gigantic cortex (+ other parts of brain)

Sorry, know this is splitting hairs, but just thought it a useful distinction to make.


That's not quite right - a fish does not have a cortex.

The pallium of a fish and mammal are structured differently. A fish's (& bird's) pallium has a clustered (aka "nuclear") organization, while a mammal's has a mostly layered organization which is what is referred to as the cortex.

There is also more to a brain than just brainstem + pallium. In a vertebrate it's brainstem (aka hindbrain) + midbrain + forebrain, with the pallium being part of the forebrain.


Ah, I stand corrected:) Maybe a better diagram might be to merge our ideas:

Fish Brain = brain stem + pallium + other parts of brain[1]

      |
 (evolved into)
      |
      V
Human Brain = brain stem + gigantic cortex(which directly evolved from the pallium) + other parts of brain[1]

Good to know:)

[1] Am using "other parts of the brain" to cover any parts of the brain not covered by the brain stem and cortex


This comes from a fundamental misunderstanding of what UB is.

Think of this piece of code - `y * x / y`.

Would you like to simplify it to just `x` ?

You need to either lean on UB to do so or have some magical way to prove that y can not be 0.

Otherwise this transformation changes behavior, and is illegal.


Why not just execute what I wrote? Maybe I'm doing some rounding?

Because we want people to write simple idiomatic code that runs fast today and also in ten years on alien hardware.

> Maybe I'm doing some rounding?

Compilers won't do this optimization when it is illegal to. If you disagree with the compiler's idea of what is legal, you can either write inline assembly, or put this code into an always inlined, but never optimized function.


Because we want compilers to perform the optimizations, not programmers.

> business profits should rise

It's the snake eating it's tail. For business profits to rise, people need to to have disposable income. If you replace enough people with AI, the average disposable income comes down to a point that businesses can't be profitable.

We are already seeing a localized version of this with restaurants in large cities.


    For business profits to rise, people need
    to to have disposable income
Does it matter, if the business pays employees who then use their salary to buy goods from the business or if the government collects taxes and uses that to pay for the goods? The government could also give the taxes to the people, so they have disposable income.

Imagine an island with two people on it and there is one tree that grows apples. And every other day, one of the two people climbs the tree and picks apples so they both have something to eat. Then the next day, the other person owes to climb on the tree because they are in debt to the first person.

Now, let's say one day, one of them discovers, hey, we can just give the tree a kick and the apples fall down on their own!

With the perspective you are proposing, the other one would have to say: Oh my God, don't do it! We will be out of work and starve!


Tax rates for wealthy folks are what, 10%? It makes a big difference if the majority of money that is made is distributed to the people via salaries, or whether it's profits and only 10% makes its way to the people.

Problem is there are more people who are not wealthy than there are wealthy people by a couple of orders of magnitude so even if you taxed the wealthy folks at 99%, you would not have enough to go around, if there isn't anyone to tax but wealthy folks. That is unless you think the slice of wealthy folks grows in size.

This is something the "eat the rich" crowd keeps missing.

Sure, you could take wealth away from billionaires, and sometimes there are good reasons to, but it's weird to pretend that it will cover more than a tiny tiny fraction of a government's budget.

I can't tell if it's naivety or dishonesty.


Another thing some do is assume wealth accumulation happens on a yearly cycle. Like if you take Musk’s ~trillion today you’ll have another trillion to confiscate next year and the year after that, etc.

That's true locally but not globally - it means the economy will increasingly shift to serve those who still have a reason to bargain with each other, which will be the owners of the AI and other useful capital.

The version of windows you get for software development at a company that needs windows for software development is pretty good, no sign of any adware or bloatware, no phoning home, no sus telemetry or updates forced by microsoft.

What's □14 node?

I was laughing at the expected expectation of universally working UTF-8 just because it's 2026 when I read that. Soooo many things just do not work with UTF-8 as expected. I'm looking at MS Excel with heavy side eye

Ah yeah, the EU, a historically stable area.

Border between France and Germany is a particularly well know peaceful area, especially Alsace-Lorraine.

Clearly the best place to put all your factories!

You should (probably) read the article

Already did.

But you should have read the guidelines.

> Please don't comment on whether someone read an article. "Did you even read the article? It mentions that" can be shortened to "The article mentions that".

[0] https://news.ycombinator.com/newsguidelines.html


Clearly the answer is to announce that the baking frontier must slow down. ;)

Bread baking factories could clearly destroy civilization as we know it, create incredible economic inequality, make a permanent underclass, etc etc.


I think you need to look beyond the job factor to see the real dangers of AI development.

I think baking bread at scale will give everyone gluten issues.

I am sure your fantasy could stretch further than that, if you allowed it to.

May I suggest 1984 for some fantastic examples of this?

Also, Democratic Republic of {Congo, Korea}.


> look at all the damage that did.

Prevented a world war for 80+ years.


> Prevented

Fact: There was no world war.

Impossible to prove hypothesis: nuclear weapons prevented a world war.

Facing the facts about nuclear weapons means owning the good (probably prevented wars) and the bad (at the very least there were severe environmental and economic consequences).


The Cold War was the best possible outcome. The alternatives (super power hot war, nuclear armageddon) did not happen. Nuclear weapon potential was a large part of that, as was direct lines of communication. Unfortunately because the later is no longer a thing, and our president declined to extend the existing agreement (a problematic pattern), we now again face proliferation of nuclear weapons.

This is not mathematical logic. Of course you can't prove the causality of anything in history. The only way to do that would be to invent a time machine, delete the nukes and watch things play out.

There are direct quotes from Nixon and Reagan that claims this to be true. That is enough evidence for me.


Surely we can do better than Nixon and Reagan.

In terms of politics, sure.

In terms of cold war presidents itching to start wars, no.


> Fact: There was no world war.

Akshually there is, and WW3 has been going on since 2010. (Mostly in places that aren't Europe.)


Some people believe WW2 started many years earlier, but most historians don't put the start date at the conflicts going on before the war became intercontinental with sides working together on a global scale.

War has still been going on since 1945, much earlier if not always, so akshually WW2 never ended or is just how it's always been? (mostly in places that are not "first world" / The West)


There's a simple and very logical definition of what a "world war" is - it's when international law completely breaks down, and the only way to get back to a semblance of order in international relations is to have the victors of the ensuing shitstorm impose a new set of rules in some sort of grand finale pact.

1945 was clearly that. 1920 with the League of Nations attempted to be that, but failed.

Whatever happens after the current turbulence we can be sure that there won't be a UN and NATO and a World Bank at the end.

P.S. The first modern world war was the Thirty Year's War.


> Whatever happens after the current turbulence we can be sure

Have you put your money behind this on future gambling sites? How can you be so sure?


Because the UN, NATO, etc., are clearly not working now. They're not gonna be fixed to work as designed because that's quite impossible in today's world.

And if the power of nuclear warheads were democratised we'd be even safer – HN, probably.

The 80 years thing actually happened. One can argue about MAD and the nuclear threat, but we don't have to guess at what happened.

It worked.


The problem with MAD is it's a deterministic framework. It doesn't properly account for the risk of a war caused by mistake.

If Stanislav Petrov hadn't been in the chain of command, MAD might not have worked. And it could still fail to work in the future.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1983_Soviet_nuclear_false_alar... https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanislav_Petrov


(insert standard anthropic-principle counterargument)

That's been a posited theory for decades - it's not just some HN edgelord thing. There are some obvious problems with it of course and the P5 have instead taken a maximalist attitude towards keeping the genie in the bottle (notwithstanding Atoms for Peace and accommodating India/Pakistan when it became inevitable).

- Ukrainians, definitely.

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