Not really an HDL, as currently it has no concept of actually connecting the nodes. Each edge is an arbitrary number of conductors with no constraints on routing or timing. Curious to see where this goes though
> Although logic connectivity is not layout-dependent in the current prototype, we envision a future where physical proximity directly influences or determines logical connections. In this ultimate view, the circuit behaves like a digital organism whose physical form and logical connections evolve together under local structural constraints.
Once any HDL is translated to a bunch of primitives (gates, LUTs, flip-flops, etc), that's the job of an automated place-and-route, which already exist. It's independent of the starting language.
1 full prof at Vanderbilt with a real research program who has been listed as PI on a bunch of grants. "Top researcher" may be generous, but based on nothing I'd say reasonable description.
The other 3: 1 is a VU Amsterdam PhD who was on a Netherlands Government funded 24-month postdoc in Harvard who's been at VU Amsterdam since 2017. 1 is an adjunct (on leave) prof from Israel who has worked at a few german universities, most recently an Munster (doesn't qualify for the 30% rule). The last resigned over a year ago and has been contracting at a couple UK universities.
This seems less like "Top researchers leave USA" and more like "Typical Academic Bag Chasing"
They haven't published the full list of the 34 researchers accepted so far:
> Namen van de 34 bursalen maakt NWO niet bekend, aldus een woordvoerder, omdat de aanstellingsprocedures nog lopen en sommige onderzoekers geen publiciteit willen.
I know this is anecdotal, but my engineering graduate program at a well known private university in the NE had roughly 300 graduates, more than half of them on student visas. I feel it's more popular than ever to act as though one has ideals, but there is an endless supply of talent waiting for a spot at these prestigious American universities.
It’s weird what you find gross, budsniffer. I find sending the military to police US citizens gross. I find killing peaceful protesters gross no matter who does it. I find the president issuing memecoins on the eve of his inauguration gross. I don’t root for Iran, but that doesn’t mean I support what we are doing to them either.
Researchers _would_ leave in droves if they could. But it turns out the entire world doesn't actually care much for research. The US was actually unique in that regard.
That’s not true and uninformed. What even makes you believe this?
Europe has tons of top research universities. Both EU and China are competing with the US [0].
And this news is not an isolated event. The majority of Americans rank US higher education research and innovation as: poor [1]. US top universities are shrinking PhD programs [2.
The thing that makes the US unique is that they are really dropping the ball in a lot of areas, because of bad leadership of the financial and political “elite”.
They mention using an ultrasonic pulse to pop bubbles around a kidney stone.
In scuba diving, microbubbles are what many blame decompression sickness on. I wonder if it may be possible to attach some sort of ultrasonic beeper to periodically burst them somewhere safe?
The method in the article is more similar to cavitation https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cavitation You get small bubles of water vapor and after a short time it transform into liquid water and just dissappears.
In scuba diving the bubbles are made of Nitrogen, that can't dissappear. It must get slowly disolved in the blood and get out of the body in breath.
The microbubbles in scuba diving that cause the bends are the ones trapped in joint space fluid. That fluid doesn't circulate at a useful rate, so unfortunately you can't really "burst them somewhere else" =(
While diffusion from joint space is perfusion limited, some work suggests ultrasound might increase that perfusion? By vasodilation and microvascular recruitment, from heating and shear stress on endothelial cells. With bubble vibration and cavitation as one source of stress.
Also, though perhaps not rate limiting, ultrasound might be able to mess with the N2 bubble boundary diffusion rate.
Caveats: Very not my field; no clinical practice; mostly animal studies; mostly musculature and not joint; and under-validated AI.
Meta: But I so very much enjoy surfing literature with AI. Even with AI's rich collection of interesting failure modes. They serve as fun added encouragement to keep you on your toes, and keep clear on the gradients of your confidence.
It strikes me that building everything around room temperature or slightly chilled air is a strange choice. This is already 290K-300K or so, and now this is suggesting that things run fine at 320K or 330K?
I've wondered why we couldn't just design everything to operate around 200°C and just use free-cooling by pumping ambient air through. Why don't data centres look more like chicken barns? Do things melt? Are there more errors of some other type at high temperatures?
Semiconducting materials have relatively small band gaps, they are insulators that take very little additional energy to become conductors. In contrast good insulators incinerate before they start conducting (or turn into plasma).
Energy being energy means that high enough ambient heat can kick electrons into the higher orbitals because the band gap is so small. This also happens at normal ambient temperatures, but those electrons don’t make it very far and there aren’t that many. At 200c a closed gate is not stopping enough electrons from moving through it anymore.
At least this is the slightly hand waved technical explanation. Project in Flight on Youtube has an excellent video on how semiconductors work.
I tried, also all a little while ago, really found the puzzles fun to do and then tried to implement some basic radar pipeline things and found lots of just basic 'building blocks' for signal processing (i/o things, fft) were missing to the point I went back to JAX.
I'm still not manage memory on GPU the way I would like, but mojo (or, my ignorant first stab at it) did not let me exploit direct DMA type things anyway.
I’m not a business person, but they’re already at the “hundreds of thousands of servers” scale, what about the 41st data center be organizationally far more expensive than the first 40?
Simple example: Pizza delivery service. The company runs very well, customers are happy, demand increases. At some point the demand gets so high, that they need to buy a second car for deliveries and a second pizza oven.
They look at the numbers and see the risk of making less profit than before, if they expand. Especially if demand decreases at some point, instead of growing further. So they decide to just raise the prices, lower demand and make even more money without additional risk.
GP's point is this isn't the 2nd car, this is the 41st car. If they had 1 car it'd be a 2x increase. If they have 40 cars, the only way the 41st car would lead to a 2x increase is if that single car cost as much as 40 other cars.
That's what the post you're responding to was asking.
The real question is whether it's actually just the 41st car or if the demand is such that they'd have to go from 40 cars to 200 and then risk having the demand fall back off after they've already sign on to making 160 more car payments.
For the 41st car they might need to build a new parking deck. Or hire a fleet manager, because the COO can't handle it anymore. They might already run over planned capacity and every new vehicle makes it exponentially worse.
For bigger orgs the bottlenecks are a bit more vague, but they still exist.
Do we actually know that? If you're an AI company during a hardware supply crunch and Hetzner has a bunch of servers they could put GPUs in and rent out to you, what makes you ignore them?
It's just not in their DNA. Hetzner is very much a do-one-thing-well business.
They might contract to AI companies to supply servers for their AI, but the total capacity of Hetzner is less than a single AI DC so it doesn't seem very useful.
It's a business that seems to have high operational leverage. Effectively, similar to airlines. Enormous capital outlays with low marginal costs, so once the current infra has been built at cost x, the additional data centre at cost 5x (or whatever multiple) might mean that it's not profitable to keep serving at the current prices.
Businesses charge their customers as much as they can. Businesses want to raise prices almost regardless of what their input costs are.
It is wrong to believe that a product's "correct" price is simply its cost plus a reasonable markup.
There's other factors that might limit how much a business can charge their customers. But an ideal business acts more like a monopoly and charges far far more than is 'fair'.
In theory competition keeps prices in check: in practice competition doesn't work as advertised.
Your overall point is true - but I'm unsure whether you are clarifying or trying to ackshualise.
And well actually, "price/demand elasticity curve" appears to be ambiguous word-salad (although a human mistake;)
I do appreciate your response: it makes me think about what I should have written. You are correct that my comment was rather unclear. Most of us misunderstand how businesses maximize profits. I find economics hard.
If you infect a machine with GPU enough to run the localLLM needed to steal another machine, you can let it burn tokens all day for free because whoever you stole the first one from will pay the electric bill.
It’s a big market but theres only a handful of use cases and R&D requirements, compared to military where the use cases and niche requirements are still continually evolving.
Mil systems have severely constrained supply chain limitations too, while consumer vehicle systems can comfortably be produced in their millions from China.
